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Writer's pictureClifford McGraw Jr.

Making your own SysAdmin Lab

This is how to create your own SysAdmin Lab with VMs of operating systems of your choice. How to configure the operating system's network interface cards outside of VirtualBox's configuration will not be covered here.


Requirements

  • Oracle VM VirtualBox

  • pfSense Netgate

  • At least 2 other VMs of an operating system of your choice


Network Diagram



As you can see from the diagram, this configuration involves only two VMs (three if you count pfSense but we're using that as a router). However, you don't have to limit your setup to that. Pfsense will be limited to 4 network interface cards in virtualbox so you could have 4 different vlans and divide a bunch of vms between them. This is just to get you started.


VirtualBox Configuration Procedure


  1. Download Oracle VM VirtualBox if you don't already have it installed, and install it.

  2. Download pfSense AMD64 ISO IPMI/Virtual Machines from pfsense.org downloads.

  3. Download the operating system ISOs of your choice.

  4. Open virtualbox

  5. Click the Machine tab at the top.

  6. Click new

  7. Name it Router

  8. In the "ISO Image:" field, click the downward arrow and then click "other" to browse for the .iso file.

  9. In the type field should be linux

  10. The Version field should be ubuntu 64bit.

  11. Click Next

  12. Put the memory at about a quarter or less of what your system memory is, unless you have a ridiculous amount of memory then just put it at 3 or 4 Gigs. If you notice it's slow later, shut the machine down and increase it.

  13. Give it 2 processors.

  14. Click Next

  15. Give it 20 Gigs of hard drive

  16. After its created, click on the machine and click settings.

  17. Go to Network

  18. Adapter 1 should have "Enable Network Adapter" checked and "Attached to:" "NAT"

  19. Adapter 2 should have "Enable Network Adapter" checked and "Attached to:" "Internal Network"

  20. In the "Name:" field type "vlan1"

  21. Adapter 3 should have "Enable Network Adapter" checked and "Attached to:" "Internal Network"

  22. In the "Name:" field type "vlan2"

  23. Create two other VMs with operating systems of your choice.

  24. Name the first VM "Operating System 1"

  25. After it's created go to the Network Settings, enable adapter 1, attach it to internal network, and name it vlan1.

  26. Name the second VM "Operating System 2"

  27. After it's created go to the Network Settings, enable adapter 1, attach it to internal network, and name it vlan2.


pfSense configuration procedure


  1. Start "Router" VM

  2. It should load past the logo and ask you to accept the Copyright and Distribution Notice

  3. Hit enter to Accept

  4. Enter to Install pfSense

  5. Enter on en0 for WAN interface

  6. Enter to "Proceed with the installation"

  7. Enter on en1 for LAN interface

  8. Enter on VLAN Settings

  9. Press down arrow and enter to change "Enable Vlan" to "YES"

  10. Move cursor to "continue" and press enter

  11. Move cursor to "IP Address" and press Enter

  12. Change IP address to 192.168.0.1/24 press enter

  13. Move cursor to "DHCP Range start" and press enter

  14. Change to 192.168.0.2 and enter

  15. Move cursor to "DHCP Range end" and press enter

  16. Change to 192.168.0.5 and enter

  17. Continue with installation.

  18. At the "Interface Assignment and Configuration" Screen select "Assign/Configure"

  19. Select en2

  20. Enter on VLAN Settings

  21. Press down arrow and enter to change "Enable Vlan" to "YES"

  22. Move cursor to "continue" and press enter

  23. Move cursor to "IP Address" and press Enter

  24. Change IP address to 192.168.1.1/24 press enter

  25. Move cursor to "DHCP Range start" and press enter

  26. Change to 192.168.1.2 and enter

  27. Move cursor to "DHCP Range end" and press enter

  28. Change to 192.168.1.5 and enter

  29. Continue with installation.

  30. Select continue on the "Interface Assignment and Configuration" Screen

  31. Wait

  32. Press Enter to continue on the Installation Options screen

  33. Press Enter at Disk Selection screen

  34. Select Yes to confirm

  35. Wait

  36. Select Current Stable Release

  37. Wait for a while for it to install

  38. Press enter on "OK" when done

  39. Select reboot

  40. While rebooting or shutdown, at the bottom of the VM window right click the CD icon next to the hard drive icon.

  41. Click remove disk from virtual drive

  42. Wait for pfSense to boot or click start and wait

  43. You should see your wan port IP address and lan port IP addresses.

  44. Enter option 14

  45. Enter Yes

  46. Install Operating System 1 and 2 VMs

  47. Verify Operating System 1 can reach the pfSense web gui

  48. log in with username admin | password pfsense

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